ChatGPT and AI – Selected Links

“AI in Education Resource Directory.”

• This document serves as a landing page for links to other documents, webpages, shared folders, including:
  • Lists of AI Tools
  • Compilations of Readings and Videos
  • Resources for Instructors
  • Links to AI Institutional Policies & Info on Faculty Development Websites
  • AI in Education Google Group
  • Links to AI Institutional Policies & Info on Faculty Development Websites

Mills, Anna, ed. “AI Text Generators: Sources to Stimulate Discussion among Teachers.”

• Compiled for the Writing Across the Curriculum Clearinghouse as part of a larger resource collection: “AI and Teaching Writing: Starting Points for Inquiry.” This is an open and evolving list put together by a writing teacher who is not an expert in the field, with suggestions from a few other more knowledgeable folks.

Mintz, Steven. “AI Unleashed.” Inside Higher Ed. 12 December 2022.

• “As a historian I should be cautious and should beware of frenetic enthusiasm. We know all too well that highly touted technologies, like the blockchain, frequently fail to live up to the hype. So let me echo the Lincoln Steffens’s words after visiting the Soviet Union in 1919, fully aware that the phrase is fraught with irony: “I have seen the Future and it works.'”

Alby, Cynthia. “ChatGPT: A Must-See Before the Semester Begins.” Faculty Focus, 9 Jan. 2023.

• “While foundational knowledge is required for higher-order thinking, we often focus primarily or almost exclusively on the foundational. In this new paradigm, we would point students toward the appropriate modules to develop that foundational knowledge, and we’d move students as soon as possible into problem/project/case-based learning, much of it personalized and experiential or field-based. We would be mostly working with, working alongside, facilitating and supporting, and letting AI do some of the heavy lifting.”

Appleton, Maggie. “The Expanding Dark Forest and Generative AI.” M, 1 Jan. 2023.

• “But I think the sheer volume and scale of what’s coming will be meaningfully different. And I think we’re unprepared. Or at least, I am.”

University of Florida, Faculty Center for Teaching and Learning. “Artificial Intelligence Writing.”

• FCTL has assembled a set of ideas in three categories:
  • Category 1: Neutralize the Software
  • Category 2: Teach Ethics, Integrity, and Career-Related Skills
  • Category 3: Lean into the Software’s Abilities

Barre, Betsy. “Will ChatGPT Make Us Better, Happier Teachers?” Center for the Advancement of Teaching, 20 Jan. 2023.

• “For all of these reasons, we should proceed with caution. But used wisely, ChatGPT may actually make our teaching more rather than less humane. By using AI to streamline our analytic tasks, we can devote more time to fostering deeper connections with our students – connections that not only benefit them, but also serve as a much-needed source of rejuvenation for educators who have been stretched thin by years of teaching during a pandemic. In this sense, ChatGPT can be seen as a gift – a tool that can help us reconnect with our students and reignite our passion for teaching.”

Basbøll, Thomas. “Examining the Moment.” Inframethodology, 14 Dec. 2022.

• “In this post, I will suggest a form of examination that I consider essentially ideal, even if we had no worries about plagiarism or artifical intelligence, but one that the increasingly sophisticated technologies in this area now make virtually necessary. That is, I’m hopeful that the fact that the take-home assignment no longer constitutes a serious test of the student’s knowledge of a subject or ability to write about it will force us to adopt a form of testing that was always much more serious.”

Bender, Emily M., et al. “On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?” Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. ACM, 2021, pp. 610–23.

• “For all of these reasons, we should proceed with caution. But used wisely, ChatGPT may actually make our teaching more rather than less humane. By using AI to streamline our analytic tasks, we can devote more time to fostering deeper connections with our students – connections that not only benefit them, but also serve as a much-needed source of rejuvenation for educators who have been stretched thin by years of teaching during a pandemic. In this sense, ChatGPT can be seen as a gift – a tool that can help us reconnect with our students and reignite our passion for teaching.”

Bender, Emily, and Chirag Shah. “All-Knowing Machines Are a Fantasy.” IAI TV – Changing How the World Thinks, 13 Dec. 2022.

• “The idea of an all-knowing computer program comes from science fiction and should stay there. Despite the seductive fluency of ChatGPT and other language models, they remain unsuitable as sources of knowledge. We must fight against the instinct to trust a human-sounding machine”

Birhane, Abeba. “ChatGPT, Galactica, and the Progress Trap.” Wired, 9 Dec. 2022.

• “People at the margins of society who are disproportionately impacted by these systems are experts at vetting them, due to their lived experience. Not coincidentally, crucial contributions that demonstrate the failure of these large language models and ways to mitigate the problems are often made by scholars of color—many of them Black women—and junior scholars who are underfunded and working in relatively precarious conditions.”

Bogost, Ian. “ChatGPT Is Dumber Than You Think.” The Atlantic, 7 Dec. 2022.

• “Treat it like a toy, not a tool.”

Bowers-Abbott, Miriam. “What Are We Doing About AI Essays?” Faculty Focus, 4 Jan. 2023.

• “A few experiments with online AI software services suggest some ways to address AI essay cheating, and interventions will require refining and revisiting course prompts.”

Bowman, Emma. “A College Student Created an App That Can Tell Whether AI Wrote an Essay.” NPR, 9 Jan. 2023.

• “Edward Tian, a 22-year-old senior at Princeton University, has built an app to detect whether text is written by ChatGPT”

Mintz, Steven. “Breaking Free From Higher Ed’s Iron Triangle.” Inside Higher Ed. 18 January 2023.

• “Yes, we can control costs, reduce performance gaps and improve learning outcomes without sacrificing quality or rigor.”

Breslin, Catherine. “What Are Large Language Models?” ML Musings, 27 Apr. 2022.

• “But what exactly are these large language models, and why are they suddenly so popular?”

Bruff, Derek. “A Bigger, Badder Clippy: Enhancing Student Learning with AI Writing Tools.” Agile Learning, 5 Jan. 2023.

• On December 22, 2023, Bryan Alexander hosted an edition of his Future Trends Forum focused on ChatGPT and other AI (artificial intelligence) writing generators and their potential impact on education: “I wanted to share a few highlights and observations here on the blog.”

Bruff, Derek. “Three Things to Know about AI Tools and Teaching.” Agile Learning, 20 Dec. 2022.

• I hope these three observations are useful as you make sense of this new technology landscape. Here they are again for easy reference:
  • We are going to have to start teaching our students how AI generation tools work.
  • When used intentionally, AI tools can augment and enhance student learning, even towards traditional learning goals.
  • We will need to update our learning goals for students in light of new AI tools, and that can be a good thing.

Brundage, Miles, et al. “Toward Trustworthy AI Development: Mechanisms for Supporting Verifiable Claims.” arXiv:2004.07213, arXiv, 20 Apr. 2020.

• “With the recent wave of progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has come a growing awareness of the large-scale impacts of AI systems, and recognition that existing regulations and norms in industry and academia are insufficient to ensure responsible AI development. In order for AI developers to earn trust from system users, customers, civil society, governments, and other stakeholders that they are building AI responsibly, they will need to make verifiable claims to which they can be held accountable. Those outside of a given organization also need effective means of scrutinizing such claims. This report suggests various steps that different stakeholders can take to improve the verifiability of claims made about AI systems and their associated development processes, with a focus on providing evidence about the safety, security, fairness, and privacy protection of AI systems. We analyze ten mechanisms for this purpose–spanning institutions, software, and hardware–and make recommendations aimed at implementing, exploring, or improving those mechanisms.”

Caines, Autumm. “ChatGPT and Good Intentions in Higher Ed.” Is a Liminal Space, 29 Dec. 2022.

• “I am skeptical of the tech inevitability standpoint that ChatGPT is here and we just have to live with it. The all out rejection of this tech is appealing to me as it seems tied to dark ideologies and does seem different, perhaps more dangerous, than stuff that has come before. I’m just not sure how to go about that all out rejection. I don’t think trying to hide ChatGPT from students is going to get us very far and I’ve already expressed my distaste for cop shit. In terms of practice, the rocks and the hard places are piling up on me.”

Cassidy, Caitlin. “Australian Universities to Return to ‘Pen and Paper’ Exams after Students Caught Using AI to Write Essays.” The Guardian, 10 Jan. 2023.

• “Australia’s leading universities say redesign of how students are assessed is ‘critical’ in the face of a revolution in computer-generated text”

Castelvecchi, Davide. “Are ChatGPT and AlphaCode Going to Replace Programmers?” Nature, Dec. 2022.

UC Irvine, Division of Teaching Excellence and Innovation. “ChatGPT.”

• Provides instructors with some initial information on the tool and offers recommendations for elements they should address in their courses/syllabi.

Miller, Matt. “ChatGPT, Chatbots and Artificial Intelligence in Education.” Ditch That Textbook, 17 Dec. 2022.

• “AI just stormed into the classroom with the emergence of ChatGPT. How do we teach now that it exists? How can we use it? Here are some ideas.”

Jin, Berber and Miles Kruppa. “ChatGPT Creator Is Talking to Investors About Selling Shares at $29 Billion Valuation” Wall Street Journal, 5 Jan. 2023.

• “OpenAI, the research lab behind the viral ChatGPT chatbot, is in talks to sell existing shares in a tender offer that would value the company at around $29 billion, according to people familiar with the matter, making it one of the most valuable U.S. startups on paper despite generating little revenue.”

OpenAI. “ChatGPT FAQ.”

• From the company behind ChatGPT: “Commonly asked questions about ChatGPT”

OpenAI. “ChatGPT: Optimizing Language Models for Dialogue.” OpenAI, 30 Nov. 2022.

• From the company behind ChatGPT: “We’ve trained a model called ChatGPT which interacts in a conversational way. The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer followup questions, admit its mistakes, challenge incorrect premises, and reject inappropriate requests.”

Yuan, Leslie, et al. “ChatGPT, Parlor Trick or More? For Research, to Write This Blog…?” UC IT Blog.

• ” Our team … thought you would enjoy seeing what ChatGPT could do with our original write-up if we instructed the tool to rewrite our words.”

Mintz, Steven. “ChatGPT: Threat or Menace?” Inside Higher Ed. 16 January 2023.

• “The threat now is to the very knowledge workers who many assumed were invulnerable to technological change. If we fail to instill within our students the advanced skills and expertise that they need in today’s rapidly shifting competitive landscape, they too will be losers in the unending contest between technological innovation and education.”

Chen, Brian X. “A.I. Bots Can’t Report This Column. But They Can Improve It.” The New York Times, 1 Feb. 2023.

• “Given the growing influence of this technology, it’s time to focus on how we can start reaping the benefits in a responsible way. Many A.I. experts and computer scientists agree that these tools can provide a major perk that does no harm: editing our writing.”

Chengeli, Si. Learn Prompting. Online course. 31 Dec. 2022.

• “With many recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), prompt engineering has become a sought-after and valuable skill for getting AI to do what you want. This course focuses on applied PE techniques, and we expect readers to have minimal knowledge of machine learning.”

Eaton, Lance, ed. “Classroom Policies for AI Generative Tools.”

• “This resource is created by Lance Eaton for the purposes of sharing and helping other instructors see the range of policies available by other educators to help in the development of their own for navigating AI-Generative Tools (such as ChatGPT, MidJourney, Dall-E, etc).”

Cole, David. “The Chinese Room Argument.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2020.

• “The narrow conclusion of the argument is that programming a digital computer may make it appear to understand language but could not produce real understanding. Hence the “Turing Test” is inadequate. Searle argues that the thought experiment underscores the fact that computers merely use syntactic rules to manipulate symbol strings, but have no understanding of meaning or semantics. The broader conclusion of the argument is that the theory that human minds are computer-like computational or information processing systems is refuted.”

Mitrano, Tracy. “Coping With ChatGPT.” Inside Higher Ed. 17 January 2023.

• “Mis- and disinformation is newly comprising about a third of the material of this new course. For the last couple of semesters, I have been inching my way toward including that topic. Given the political landscape globally as well as in the United States, that topic could, and should, be its own course. Artificial intelligence will certainly play a role in that sphere as it emerges in all significant walks of life; take a look, for example, at the essay Bruce Schneier published just yesterday in The New York Times on the subject of lobbying and political influence. We must deal with it. Panic will not help.”

Cottom, Tressie McMillan. “Human This Christmas.” The New York Times, 20 Dec. 2022.

• “Humanities, arts and higher education could use a little reminder that we do human. That’s our business, when we do it well. We are as safe from ChatGPT as the Temptations are from Pentatonix.”

Creswell Baez, Johanna. “The Impact of ChatGPT and AI on Higher Education: Navigating the Rapidly Changing Landscape.” Medium, 13 Jan. 2023.

• “Before alarm spreads about the impact on student learning, let us consider the historical value of technological advances in education. The calculator, once banned in classrooms, is now a common sight on school supply lists and in the college classroom. Instructors use calculators to explore deeper connections with mathematical concepts and instead of limiting their use, can be more intentional about how they are used to encourage critical thinking among students. Similarly, ChatGPT and other AI technologies are here to stay, and we hope that academics will actively participate in decisions around their use and integration in higher education. We can influence how ChatGPT and other AI tools might be brought into higher education to assist students in developing things like critical thinking and executive function skills.”

Cummings, Robert. “AI Writing Technologies Will Force Instructors to Adapt.” Chronicle of Higher Education, 19 Sept. 2022.

• “These new AI-powered writing generation technologies are going to change college writing substantially. But they won’t end college writing. Instead, we’re going to need to create some new guard rails for the assumptions we make about writing assignments in higher education. What will that future look like?”

D’Agostino, Susan. “AI Writing Detection: A Losing Battle Worth Fighting.” Inside Higher Ed, 20 Jan. 2023.

D’Agostino, Susan. “ChatGPT Advice Academics Can Use Now.” Inside Higher Ed, 12 Jan. 2023. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2023/01/12/academic-experts-offer-advice-chatgpt.

Daimler, Daniel. “The Trickster Machine.” Kurios & Käuflich, 10 Dec. 2022. https://kurioskonsum.substack.com/p/the-trickster-machine.

Dastin, Jeffrey, et al. “Exclusive: ChatGPT Owner OpenAI Projects $1 Billion in Revenue by 2024 – Sources.” Reuters, 15 Dec. 2022. www.reuters.com, https://www.reuters.com/business/chatgpt-owner-openai-projects-1-billion-revenue-by-2024-sources-2022-12-15/.

Demo, GPT-3. GPTZero | Discover AI Use Cases. https://gpt3demo.com/apps/gptzero. Accessed 20 Jan. 2023.

Denkmann, Libby, and Alec Cowan. “How Will ChatGPT Change the the Future of Information?” KUOW, 14 Dec. 2022, https://kuow.org/stories/how-will-chatgpt-change-the-the-future-of-information.

Dillard, Sarah. Schools Must Embrace the Looming Disruption of ChatGPT. https://www.the74million.org/article/schools-must-embrace-the-looming-disruption-of-chatgpt/. Accessed 20 Jan. 2023.

Dirkx, Kim Josefina Hubertina, et al. “Do Secondary School Students Make Use of Effective Study Strategies When They Study on Their Own?” Applied Cognitive Psychology, vol. 33, no. 5, 2019, pp. 952–57. Wiley Online Library, https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3584.

Eaton. “Sarah’s Thoughts: Artificial Intelligence and Academic Integrity.” Learning, Teaching and Leadership, 9 Dec. 2022, https://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com/2022/12/09/sarahs-thoughts-artificial-intelligence-and-academic-integrity/.

eBildungslabor-Blog. “Einordnung und Nutzung von KI in der Bildung.” eBildungslabor, 11 Dec. 2022, https://ebildungslabor.de/blog/einordnung-und-nutzung-von-ki-in-der-bildung/.

Eliot, Lance. “Sinister Prompting Of Generative AI ChatGPT Such As Email Scamming And The Coding Of Malware Is Sparking Ire By AI Ethics And AI Law.” Forbes, 3 Jan. 2023, https://www.forbes.com/sites/lanceeliot/2023/01/03/sinister-prompting-of-generative-ai-chatgpt-such-as-email-scamming-and-the-coding-of-malware-is-sparking-ire-by-ai-ethics-and-ai-law/.

Elsen-Rooney, Michael. “NYC Blocks Access to ChatGPT on School Networks as Cheating Fears Swirl.” Chalkbeat New York, 3 Jan. 2023, https://ny.chalkbeat.org/2023/1/3/23537987/nyc-schools-ban-chatgpt-writing-artificial-intelligence.

Esposito, Elena. Artificial Communication: How Algorithms Produce Social Intelligence. 2022. direct.mit.edu, https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14189.001.0001.

Eyler, Joshua [@joshua_r_eyler]. “The Moral Panic about AI & Cheating Is the Same as the Panic over Proctoring & Cheating Is the Same as the Panic That Led to Plagiarism Detection Software. People, the Vast Majority of Students DO NOT Want to Cheat. They Want to Learn. The Lack of Trust Undermines Education.” Twitter, 3 Jan. 2023, https://twitter.com/joshua_r_eyler/status/1610261710572584961.

Famiglietti, Andy. “Reflecting on Knowledge in the Body in an Era of Prosthetic Dreams.” Andy Famiglietti’s Entirely Modest Web-Presence, 11 Dec. 2022, https://afamiglietti.org/uncategorized/reflecting-on-knowledge-in-the-body-in-an-era-of-prosthetic-dreams/.

Feldstein, Michael. “I Would Have Cheated in College Using ChatGPT.” E-Literate, 16 Dec. 2022, https://eliterate.us/i-would-have-cheated-in-college-using-chatgpt/.

Fyfe, Paul. “How to Cheat on Your Final Paper: Assigning AI for Student Writing.” AI & SOCIETY, Mar. 2022. Springer Link, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01397-z.

Gao, Leo, et al. Scaling Laws for Reward Model Overoptimization. arXiv:2210.10760, arXiv, 19 Oct. 2022. arXiv.org, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.10760.

Gleason, Nancy. “ChatGPT and the Rise of AI Writers: How Should Higher Education Respond?” THE Campus Learn, Share, Connect, 9 Dec. 2022, https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/chatgpt-and-rise-ai-writers-how-should-higher-education-respond.

Golumbia, David. “ChatGPT Should Not Exist.” Medium, 14 Dec. 2022, https://davidgolumbia.medium.com/chatgpt-should-not-exist-aab0867abace.

Gonsalves, Robert A. “Using AI to Create New Comic Strips without Writing Any Code.” Medium, 6 Sept. 2022, https://towardsdatascience.com/using-ai-to-create-new-comic-strips-without-writing-any-code-cc669bb317a7.

Goodin, Dan. “ChatGPT Is Enabling Script Kiddies to Write Functional Malware.” Ars Technica, 6 Jan. 2023, https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/01/chatgpt-is-enabling-script-kiddies-to-write-functional-malware/.

Google Research, 2022 & beyond: Language, Vision and Generative Models – Google AI Blog. https://ai.googleblog.com/2023/01/google-research-2022-beyond-language.html?m=1. Accessed 4 Feb. 2023.

GPT in Higher Education | Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/blogs/online-trending-now/gpt-higher-education. Accessed 20 Jan. 2023.

GPTZero: An App to Detect Whether Text Is Written by ChatGPT. https://www.analyticsinsight.net/gptzero-an-app-to-detect-whether-text-is-written-by-chatgpt/. Accessed 20 Jan. 2023.

Graham, Shawn. “Playful Engagement with GPT3.” HIST 3812 @ Carleton_U, 2022, https://hist3812.netlify.app/syllabus/gpt3/.

Grant, Nico, and Cade Metz. “A New Chat Bot Is a ‘Code Red’ for Google’s Search Business.” The New York Times, 21 Dec. 2022. NYTimes.com, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/21/technology/ai-chatgpt-google-search.html.

Groves, Mike. “If You Can’t Beat GPT3, Join It.” Times Higher Education, 16 Dec. 2022, https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/if-you-cant-beat-gpt3-join-it?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=editorial-daily&spMailingID=23277094&spUserID=MTAxNzczMjY4MjM4MwS2&spJobID=2134142895&spReportId=MjEzNDE0Mjg5NQS2.

“‎Hard Fork: A Teacher Who Loves ChatGPT + Is ‘M3GAN’ Real? On Apple Podcasts.” Apple Podcasts, 13 Jan. 2023, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-teacher-who-loves-chatgpt-is-m3gan-real/id1528594034?i=1000594235638.

Haven, Janet. “ChatGPT and the Future of Trust.” Predictions for Journalism 2023, Dec. 2022, https://www.niemanlab.org/2022/12/chatgpt-and-the-future-of-trust.

Heaven, Will Douglas. “Generative AI Is Changing Everything. But What’s Left When the Hype Is Gone?” MIT Technology Review, 16 Dec. 2022, https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/12/16/1065005/generative-ai-revolution-art/.

Heid, Markham. “Here’s How Teachers Can Foil ChatGPT: Handwritten Essays.” Washington Post, 29 Dec. 2022. www.washingtonpost.com, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/12/29/handwritten-essays-defeat-chatgpt/.

—. “Opinion | Here’s How Teachers Can Foil ChatGPT: Handwritten Essays.” Washington Post, 29 Dec. 2022. www.washingtonpost.com, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/12/29/handwritten-essays-defeat-chatgpt/.

Heikkilä, Melissa. “How AI-Generated Text Is Poisoning the Internet.” MIT Technology Review, 20 Dec. 2022, https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/12/20/1065667/how-ai-generated-text-is-poisoning-the-internet/.

Heisey, Monica. “Fictional Novel or Real Woman’s Diary? How to Tell What You’re Reading.” The New Yorker, 9 Jan. 2023. www.newyorker.com, https://www.newyorker.com/humor/daily-shouts/fictional-novel-or-real-womans-diary-how-to-tell-what-youre-reading.

Herman, Daniel. “The End of High-School English.” The Atlantic, 9 Dec. 2022, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/12/openai-chatgpt-writing-high-school-english-essay/672412/.

How About We Put Learning at the Center? | Inside Higher Ed. 6 Jan. 2023, https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/just-visiting/how-about-we-put-learning-center.

Huang, Kalley. “Alarmed by A.I. Chatbots, Universities Start Revamping How They Teach.” The New York Times, 16 Jan. 2023. NYTimes.com, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/16/technology/chatgpt-artificial-intelligence-universities.html.

Hwang, Gwo-Jen, et al. “Vision, Challenges, Roles and Research Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Education.” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1, Jan. 2020. ScienceDirect, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100001.

Jarry, Jonathan. “I Chatted with an Artificial Intelligence about Quackery.” McGill University Office for Science and Society, 16 Dec. 2022, https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/technology/i-chatted-artificial-intelligence-about-quackery.

Johnson, Arianna. “Here’s What To Know About OpenAI’s ChatGPT—What It’s Disrupting And How To Use It.” Forbes, 7 Dec. 2022, https://www.forbes.com/sites/ariannajohnson/2022/12/07/heres-what-to-know-about-openais-chatgpt-what-its-disrupting-and-how-to-use-it/.

Joshua Eyler [@joshua_r_eyler]. “The Moral Panic about AI & Cheating Is the Same as the Panic over Proctoring & Cheating Is the Same as the Panic That Led to Plagiarism Detection Software. People, the Vast Majority of Students DO NOT Want to Cheat. They Want to Learn. The Lack of Trust Undermines Education.” Twitter, 3 Jan. 2023, https://twitter.com/joshua_r_eyler/status/1610261710572584961.

Karpf, David. “Money Will Kill ChatGPT’s Magic.” The Atlantic, 21 Dec. 2022, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/12/chatgpt-ai-chatbots-openai-cost-regulations/672539/.

Katwala, Amit. “ChatGPT’s Fluent BS Is Compelling Because Everything Is Fluent BS.” Wired, 9 Dec. 2022, https://www.wired.com/story/chatgpt-fluent-bs/.

Kelley, Kevin Jacob. “Teaching Actual Student Writing in an AI World.” Inside Higher Ed, 19 Jan. 2023, https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2023/01/19/ways-prevent-students-using-ai-tools-their-classes-opinion.

Klein, Ezra. A Skeptical Take on the A.I. Revolution. Audio podcast episode, 12 Jan. 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/06/opinion/ezra-klein-podcast-gary-marcus.html.

Kovanovic, Vitomir. “The Dawn of AI Has Come, and Its Implications for Education Couldn’t Be More Significant.” The Conversation, http://theconversation.com/the-dawn-of-ai-has-come-and-its-implications-for-education-couldnt-be-more-significant-196383. Accessed 16 Dec. 2022.

Krause, Author Steve. “AI Can Save Writing by Killing ‘The College Essay.’” Steven D. Krause, 10 Dec. 2022, http://stevendkrause.com/2022/12/10/ai-can-save-writing-by-killing-the-college-essay/.

Lametti, Daniel. “A.I. Could Be Great for College Essays.” Slate, 7 Dec. 2022. slate.com, https://slate.com/technology/2022/12/chatgpt-college-essay-plagiarism.html.

Let’s Build GPT: From Scratch, in Code, Spelled Out. Directed by Andrej Karpathy, 2023. YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCc8FmEb1nY.

Linkletter, Ian [@Linkletter]. “Turnitin Plans to Use AI to Police Student Expression. Their Black Box Academic Surveillance Tech Will Assign ‘AI Thresholds’ to Student Writing. Even a 1% Failure Rate Will Harm Thousands of Students. Here’s an Unlisted YouTube Video (!) Showing How: Https://T.Co/6hNdLJECEH.” Twitter, 16 Jan. 2023, https://twitter.com/Linkletter/status/1614792388559667201.

Liu, Alan. “Assessing Data Workflows for Common Data ‘Moves’ Across Disciplines.” Alan Liu, 5 May 2017, https://liu.english.ucsb.edu/data-moves/.

Loizos, Connie. “Is ChatGPT a ‘Virus That Has Been Released into the Wild’?” TechCrunch, 10 Dec. 2022, https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/09/is-chatgpt-a-virus-that-has-been-released-into-the-wild/.

Malesic, Jonathan. “The Key to Success in College Is so Simple, It’s Almost Never Mentioned.” The New York Times, 3 Jan. 2023. NYTimes.com, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/03/opinion/college-learning-students-success.html.

Marche, Stephen. “The College Essay Is Dead.” The Atlantic, 6 Dec. 2022, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/12/chatgpt-ai-writing-college-student-essays/672371/.

Marchese, David. “An A.I. Pioneer on What We Should Really Fear.” The New York Times, 26 Dec. 2022. NYTimes.com, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/12/26/magazine/yejin-choi-interview.html.

McMurtrie, Beth. “AI and the Future of Undergraduate Writing.” The Chronicle of Higher Education, 13 Dec. 2022, https://www.chronicle.com/article/ai-and-the-future-of-undergraduate-writing?

—. “Teaching Experts Are Worried About ChatGPT, but Not for the Reasons You Think.” The Chronicle of Higher Education, 13 Dec. 2022, https://www.chronicle.com/article/ai-and-the-future-of-undergraduate-writing.

McVey, Christopher. “POV: Artificial Intelligence Is Changing Writing at the University. Let’s Embrace It.” BU Today, 5 Dec. 2022, https://www.bu.edu/articles/2022/pov-artificial-intelligence-is-changing-writing-at-universities/.

Meckler, Laura. “Teachers Are on Alert for Inevitable Cheating after Release of ChatGPT.” Washington Post, 28 Dec. 2022. www.washingtonpost.com, https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/12/28/chatbot-cheating-ai-chatbotgpt-teachers/.

Mills, Anna. “AI Text Generators and Teaching Writing: Starting Points for Inquiry.” WAC Clearinghouse, 2022, https://wac.colostate.edu/repository/collections/ai-text-generators-and-teaching-writing-starting-points-for-inquiry/.

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